Resource hub
Explore reviewed information about periods, common conditions, perimenopause and menopause. You will also find practical guidance for schools and workplaces.
Health updates
Short, dated explanations of important changes in health language and UK guidance.
12 May 2026
Terminology updatePolycystic ovary syndrome is now called polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome.
The new name better reflects a condition involving hormonal, metabolic and ovarian health. It also removes the misleading suggestion that ovarian cysts define the condition. The change followed an international consensus process involving people with lived experience, clinicians and health organisations. The diagnostic criteria did not change with the name.
20 results
Cycle basics
NHSDay one of the menstrual cycle is the first day of bleeding.
A cycle runs from the first day of one period to the day before the next begins. The timing and length of periods vary from person to person, and cycles can change over time.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: PeriodsCycle basics
NHSPads, tampons, menstrual cups and period underwear work in different ways.
The right product is a personal choice. Follow the instructions, wash your hands before and after changing products, and never leave a tampon in for longer than the packet advises.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: Period productsSymptoms & conditions
NHSPain that stops you sleeping, studying, working or doing usual activities deserves medical advice.
Period pain is common, but severe or worsening pain can be linked to conditions including endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids or pelvic inflammatory disease. A symptom diary can help when speaking to a GP.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: Period painSymptoms & conditions
NHSNeeding to change protection every one to two hours is one possible sign of heavy periods.
Other signs include bleeding for more than seven days, passing clots larger than a 10p coin, bleeding through clothes or bedding, and feeling tired or short of breath. Treatment is available.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: Heavy periodsSymptoms & conditions
NHSPMDD is a severe form of premenstrual disorder that can have a serious effect on everyday life.
Symptoms may include severe anxiety, depression or anger in the weeks before a period. Tracking symptoms for at least two cycles can help a healthcare professional understand the pattern. Urgent help is available for anyone having suicidal thoughts.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: PMDDSymptoms & conditions
Specialist charitySymptoms can include pelvic pain, painful periods, pain during or after sex, and difficulty getting pregnant.
Symptoms vary and may affect the bowel, bladder, energy levels and emotional wellbeing. Speak to a GP if symptoms affect everyday life. Endometriosis UK also offers specialist information and support.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
Endometriosis UKSymptoms & conditions
NHSAdenomyosis can cause painful periods, heavy bleeding, pelvic pain and bloating.
Some people have no symptoms. A GP can discuss tests and treatment options if pain or bleeding is affecting daily life.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: AdenomyosisSymptoms & conditions
NHSFibroids develop in or around the womb and are made of muscle and fibrous tissue.
Many people have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they can include heavy or painful periods, abdominal pain, back pain, frequent urination or discomfort during sex.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: FibroidsSymptoms & conditions
NHSPolyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome is the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome.
The name changed in 2026 because the condition affects hormonal, metabolic and ovarian health and is not simply about ovarian cysts. Symptoms can include irregular periods, changes in hair growth, acne, weight changes, tiredness, fertility difficulties and effects on mental health.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: PMOSPerimenopause & menopause
NHSPerimenopause is the time when hormone levels change before periods stop completely.
Periods may become more or less frequent, and bleeding may become heavier or lighter. Symptoms can begin months or years before periods stop and may affect sleep, mood, memory, joints and daily life.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: Menopause and perimenopausePerimenopause & menopause
NHSSleep problems, low mood, anxiety, brain fog, joint pain and vaginal symptoms are also recognised.
Experiences differ widely. Symptoms may affect relationships, social life, family life and work, or a person may have few symptoms. Support and treatment are available.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: Menopause symptomsPerimenopause & menopause
NHSEarly menopause occurs before 45. Premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency occurs before 40.
It can happen naturally or after some medical treatments. Replacing low hormone levels may be important for bone and heart health, although treatment depends on individual circumstances.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: Early or premature menopausePerimenopause & menopause
NHSHormone replacement therapy can help manage many symptoms of perimenopause and menopause.
The type offered depends on symptoms, medical history and whether a person has a womb. Other treatments are available if HRT is not suitable or wanted. A doctor, nurse or pharmacist can discuss individual benefits and risks.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: Menopause treatmentPerimenopause & menopause
NHSSurgery to remove the ovaries, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and some hormone medicines can cause menopause earlier.
The timing and symptoms can be different from natural menopause. Anyone expecting or experiencing medically induced menopause should be offered information about symptoms, treatment and longer-term health.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: Early or premature menopauseSchools
GovernmentThe period product scheme is available to state-maintained schools and 16-to-19 education organisations in England.
Schools can order products for learners who need them. Staff can make access clear, private and straightforward so pupils do not have to miss learning because they lack suitable products.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
GOV.UK: Period product schemeSchools
GovernmentSchools should teach pupils key facts about the menstrual cycle and menstrual wellbeing.
Good teaching should be age-appropriate, inclusive and connected to reliable support. It should help pupils understand what may be typical and when symptoms need attention.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
GOV.UK: Relationships and health educationWorkplaces
GovernmentFlexible hours, private rest areas and changes to temperature or ventilation may help employees manage symptoms.
Support should reflect the individual rather than rely on assumptions. A private conversation and agreed review point can help managers respond fairly and consistently.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
GOV.UK: Workplace adjustmentsWorkplaces
AcasMenopause is not a protected characteristic, but unfair treatment may relate to age, disability or sex discrimination.
Employers should take concerns seriously, consider reasonable adjustments where relevant and handle conversations sensitively. Acas provides practical guidance for employers and workers.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
Acas: Menopause and the lawSupport
NHSA short symptom record can help explain what is happening and how it affects daily life.
Note when symptoms happen, their severity, any bleeding pattern and the effect on school, work, sleep or relationships. Write down the questions you want answered and ask for a longer appointment if you need one.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS: Period problemsSupport
NHSUse NHS 111 for urgent medical advice and call 999 in a life-threatening emergency.
If you or someone else is in immediate danger, call 999. For urgent help that is not an emergency, use NHS 111 online or call 111. If you are struggling to cope, Samaritans are available free on 116 123.
Reviewed 26 September 2026
NHS 111 onlineIf you need help now
For urgent medical advice, use NHS 111 online or call 111. Call 999 if someone is in immediate danger. If you are struggling to cope, call Samaritans free on 116 123.
This website provides general education based on trusted UK health guidance. It does not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
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